Is Plastic Surgery a Matter of Vanity?

Plastic surgery is a branch of surgery that deals with the remodeling of any portion of the human body that has been damaged or deformed. The word “plastic” is derived from the Greek word plastikos, which means “to mold.” Hence, it is the remolding and reshaping of body tissues—bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, and skin. It is largely concerned with the reconstructive work of the face and exposed parts of the body.
According to the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia, plastic surgery is one of the oldest forms of surgery practiced. Nose-reconstruction operations were performed in ancient India as early as 2,000 BC, when amputation of the nose was a form of punishment.
Around 600 BC, ancient Sanskrit records an Indian surgeon named Sushruta, performing surgical reconstruction of the noses and ears of men who had lost them in war. Skin from one’s cheek or forehead would be removed and sewed onto damaged areas. To this day, this procedure is still referred to as the “Indian Method of Rhinoplasty.”
In ancient Rome, around 100 BC, plastic surgery became an important manner wherein people could better fit into the Roman society. During that time, the aesthetics of the human body was explored heavily in art and literature. Amalgamated with the fact that people bathed in public Roman baths, any abnormality was considered very shameful. A popular operation was the removal of scars from one’s back. These scars were considered dishonorable because they indirectly suggested that a person had turned his back from the field of battle or, worse still, had been “whipped like a slave.”
During the Renaissance, Italian physician, Gasparo Tagliacozzi (1546-1599), became the “father of modern plastic surgery.” In his plastic surgery textbook entitled De Curtorum Chirugiau (1597), he recorded the importance of plastic surgery due to the frequency of fights between men and the emergence of disfiguring diseases.
In modern times, war has become the sole most significant factor in shaping the practice of plastic surgery today. World War I saw hundreds of thousands of young men who suffered severe facial injuries in combat. This resulted in the necessity for doctors to quickly research innovative ways to reshape the faces of soldiers who had experienced severe deformity. From the 1960s, plastic surgery became fully integrated into the medical establishment and has resulted in greater acceptance, both socially and culturally.
There are three branches of plastic surgery:
1.	Plastic Surgery: Correction of disfigurement. This is plastic surgery in its purest form—to fix the malformation that may have occurred congenitally (at birth), such as children born with cleft palates or cleft lips.
2.	Reconstructive Surgery: Restoration of impaired function. This is the restoration of function to a damaged body part and the rebuilding of normal physical contours, like the nose, jaw, ears, or fingers, that are missing or disfigured. The large number of car accidents in modern times has resulted in many patients requiring reconstructive surgery of the face. Cancer patients who have undergone treatment with regards to the face and neck areas may also need reconstructive surgery. Such procedure requires complex technical skills for the grafting of tendons and the transfer of muscles to restore usefulness to the disabled part.
3.	Cosmetic Surgery: Improvement of physical appearance. This is aesthetic surgery performed solely to improve appearances in otherwise healthy persons, to remove blemishes or to change contours. It is also often needed after disfigurement caused by burns, removal of tumors, and reconstructive work.
	According to a 2007 survey conducted by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 46 percent of all cosmetic procedures were done by people aged 35 to 50. Ninety-one percent of them were women. The top five procedures of men and women are as follow:
Ranking Men Women 1 Liposuction Breast augmentation 2 Eyelid surgery Liposuction 3 Rhinoplasty Eyelid surgery 4 “Breast” reduction Abdominoplasty 5 Hair transplantation Breast reduction
There are many positive psychological benefits of plastic surgery. The increased functionality of physical organs improves one’s quality of life. If one is born with congenital defects such as a cleft palate, facial birthmarks, or cross eyes (strabismus), cosmetic surgery can correct the defect and restore appearance to what it should have been. If a person has been victimized by an accident resulting in unsightly scars and deformities, plastic surgery can remove the stigma associated with such defects and allow the person to feel “normal” again.
One must not underestimate the psychological benefits in the correction of a perceived physical imperfection, for its own sake, on an individual. The enhanced physical appearance coupled with greater social acceptance could greatly increase the sense of self-worth for the person. For those who are very conscientious about their appearance, to the point of having damaging psychological disorders, cosmetic surgery, with the addition of proper counseling, can help them obtain the confidence they need to live life happily
However, as with any surgical or non-surgical procedure, there are inherent risks in plastic surgery: Risk of procedure going wrong. You may become physically and aesthetically worse off than prior to the surgery. Risk of infections and complications such as puffiness, vomiting, nausea, allergic reaction to anesthesia, contagion, blood loss, blood and fat clotting, accumulation of fluid, permanent damage to nervous and immune systems, scarring, numbness, dangerous body temperature fluctuations, post-operation pain, bruising and swelling, long-term sagging and deformity. Risk of the pain involved and the recovery time being greater and longer than expected. Risk to mental health. Patients who are dissatisfied with surgery may request repeat procedures. “Plastic surgery addicts” may experience severe depression, adjustment issues, family issues, social isolation, and severe anger toward surgeons and nurses. South Korean Hang Mioku became so addicted to plastic surgery that when surgeons refused to conduct additional procedures, she decided to inject cooking oil into her own face. As a result, her face became severely distorted and virtually unrecognizable. Her case is regarded as one of the worst cases related to plastic surgery in modern history.
Are Christians allowed to have plastic surgery, especially those that are cosmetic or aesthetic in nature? Does doing so mean that you are ungrateful to God for the physical attributes He has sovereignly endowed you with? Is such “unnatural” alteration of physical features an expression of fleshly vanity—the excessive pride of one’s personal appearance? I know a pastor in my city with an overactive sweat gland (hyperhidrosis), causing him to have sweaty palms and sweaty feet along with a bad body odor. He felt embarrassed by it and had a thoracic surgery procedure done. Was he being vain? I know an Indonesian church leader with severe drooping of the upper eyelid, a condition known as ptosis. Her pupil was partially covered, blocking the upper part of the visual field. She had corrective surgery done by a plastic surgeon who gave her a beautiful eyelid lift (blepharoplasty). Was she being vain? I know of several Caucasian pastors who have had hair transplantations done to cure their hair loss. Their plastic surgeons moved skin containing hair follicles from one part of the body to balding parts. Grafts containing healthy follicles that are genetically resistant to balding are transplanted to bald scalp. Are those pastors being vain? I know of another church leader who had a series of chemical peels to get rid of dark patches of facial birthmarks. Is he being vain? What about the hundreds of people I know who have done LASIK, a laser eye surgery, so that they don’t have to wear eyeglasses? Are they all vain? The Bible makes no specific mention of whether or not plastic surgery is allowable, although its practice was already around from antiquity. If it is an outright sin, there would have been ample opportunities to address it in the Holy Scripture. In such cases where there is no clear restriction, they are not issues of right or wrong, sin or righteousness; they are simply matters of personal preferences. As such, you must go according to how you believe the Holy Spirit is personally leading you. Nonetheless, a common sense approach is needed if you are considering plastic surgery:
1. Risk: Because there are risks in any surgery, you must weigh the risks involved adequately. Is this procedure absolutely necessary? Have you exhausted all options to improve your appearance or contour? Can you achieve the same results by regularly working out in a gym and wise dieting? 2. Cost: Because plastic surgery is expensive, you must ask the question, “Can I afford it? Will this procedure get me into a debt I will struggle to repay?” 3. Physician: It takes at least 11 years of studying and training to be a plastic surgeon. Ask yourself, “Is the doctor I am consulting with board-certified and experienced?” You may need to examine some of his works, and check his track records with other patients. 4. Perception: Society often views reconstructive procedures, such as a cleft lip operation, more favorably than cosmetic surgeries, like say breast augmentation or a nose job. Although often unwarranted, there are some prejudices upon certain procedures. You must ask yourself, “Am I ready to do this even if people may unfairly judge me?” 5. Self-esteem: Our self-esteem is the foundation of life. Will going through this procedure help you feel better about yourself and to function better in your life, marriage, career or ministry? If the answer is yes, then the possibility of plastic surgery should not necessarily be shunned. We must be careful not to judge someone who opts for cosmetic surgery as vain, or loving God less than the one who doesn’t. 6. Emotional void: Many people seek cosmetic surgery to fill up emotional voids within. They already feel ugly about themselves inside, and presume that surgery is the only way for them to receive social approval or attention from others. If that is your motivation, you will be greatly disappointed. No outward alteration of physical features or contours can satisfy the needs of an empty soul. 7. Aging: Even the best plastic surgeon in Beverly Hills cannot stop aging and the tide of time. You must establish specific limits to surgery, as all body parts that are firmed, lifted, and improved upon, will in due course, wrinkle and sag again. The Bible says that ultimately it is your spirit and soul that is most important. When all else fails, remember what 1 Peter 3:4 says: “Rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious in the sight of God.”